Wednesday, November 27, 2019

It Was The Cry Of Outraged Womanhood That Has Peremptorily Called Me T

It was the cry of outraged womanhood that has peremptorily called me to Noakhal, ... My present mission is the most difficult and complicated one of my life ... I am prepared for any eventuality. 'Do or Die' has to be put to the test here. 'Do' here means Hindus and Mussulmans should learn to live together in peace and amity. Otherwise I should die in the attempt ... No one can escape death. Then why be afraid of it? In fact, death is a friend who brings deliverance from suffering. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi was a freedom fighter and leader of India who strongly opposed any violence among Hindus and Muslims. As mentioned above, he preferred to teach the world that Hindus and Muslims should learn to live together. Gandhi opposed the partition of India from the beginning to the end. In May 1947, he was called to Delhi where the new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten had succeeded in persuading the congress leaders to accept Jinnah's insistent demand for the partition of India as a condition precedent for British withdrawal. Gandhi was against partition at any cost but he was unable to convince the congress leaders of the wisdom of his stand. On August 15, 1947, India was partitioned and became free. Mahatma Gandhi declined to attend the celebrations in the capital and went to Calcutta where communal riots were still raging. When Gandhi returned to Delhi in September 1947, the city was in the grip of communal hysteria. Ghostly tales of what had happened to Hindus and Sikhs in West Pakistan had kindled passions which burst into a conflagration when the uprooted victims of this tragedy poured into the city. In a frenzy of vengeance, Hindus and Sikhs had taken the law into their hands and were looting Muslim houses, seizing Mosques, and stabbing innocent passers-by. (Prasad, 1954 p.24) Despite the numerous communal clashes which claimed a number of innocent lives, the separation of India still went ahead. Pakistan was founded because the Muslims of the subcontinent wanted to build up their lives in accordance with the teachings and traditions of Islam, because they wanted to demonstrate to the world that Islam provides a panacea to the many diseases which have crept into the life of humanity today. Liaquat Ali Khan The birth of Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947 undermined, from the liberal and left perspective, the values of religious tolerance and cultural pluralism. The ideological foundations of secular nationalism, the main plank of Indian National Congress in its mobilization campaigns, also weakened. For the Muslim communities that remained in India, partition was a nightmare. (Hasan, 1997 p. 6) Liaquat Ali Khan was trying to explain to the world the need for separation and the reason for separation of India into two since the teachings and traditions of Islam would not mix with Hinduism. Meanwhile, in his book, Hasan was emphasizes the horrors of separation for the Muslim communities in India. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister shared the same view as Mahatma Gandhi on the partitioning of India and the violence occurred as a result of it. In an impromptu radio broadcast on September 9th 1947, he said, it is an extraordinary thing that I have seen. I have seen horror enough and I have seen many people die. ... Death is bad and painful, but one gets used to death. But there are some things much worse than death that have taken place. I am ashamed of the acts that my people have done and I fear the disgrace and the consequences of evil deeds will remain with us for a long time. ... This morning, our leader, our master, Mahatma Gandhi, came to Delhi, and I went to see him, and I sat by him for a while wondering how low we have fallen from the great ideals that he had placed before us. Mohammad Ali Jinnah was being encouraged by his followers on separating Hindus from Muslims, and creating conflict between the two. A Muslim was overheard saying to Jinnah in 1946, a large factory for the mass Hinduisation of Muslims has been established in Delhi under the very name of the All-India Muslim leaders ... I am referring to the so-called Jamia Millia. Dr. Zakir Husain was

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Effect Of Flextime On Work Life Balance Social Work Essay Essay Example

Effect Of Flextime On Work Life Balance Social Work Essay Essay Example Effect Of Flextime On Work Life Balance Social Work Essay Paper Effect Of Flextime On Work Life Balance Social Work Essay Paper The ( phrase ) Work-Life Balance was originated as a effect of the Family Friendly Policies that were introduced in the 1970s and 1980s in UK, chiefly as a keeping tool for adult females, and since so it has become a widespread construct. With this, they were for adult females and about adult females. To avoid the booby trap of being viewed as discriminatory and the demand to convey a more, across-the-board significance into these policies, they were renamed as work-life balance policies. Since the 1970 s, the UK Government has introduced several governmental alterations to beef up and to protect the rights of workers. In response to these alterations, demands from employees as besides from clients who want a larger concern window a big figure of organisations in the UK, have today introduced varied and advanced Work-life balance policies. The Government continues to play a cardinal function in guaranting that ( WLB ) continues to derive impulse through statute law, fiscal induceme nts and support and publicity of best patterns ( Milburn, 2003 ) . 2.1.1 What is Work-life Balance? Meanwhile, the definition of Work-life balance is about people holding a step of control over when, where and how they work ( DTI, 2003 ) . This is achieved when an person s right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the common benefit of the person, concern and society. work life balance emphasizes on the accommodation of working forms, and it focuses on the demand for everyone, irrespective of age, race or gender, to happen a gait ( that suits them ) to assist them unite work with other duties or aspirations. Work-Life Balance has an of import implicit in deduction that Work-Life Balance is for everyone, non merely for female parents or households and is critical in non merely developing policies but besides in reexamining them and their impact on employees ( Alexandra, 2003 ) , that s why the thought that employers should heighten flexibleness has been promoted late. Within the UK, The Prime Minister Tony Blair launched the Work-Life Balance run, in March 2000. The purpose of the run was in double. First, to convert employers of the economic benefits of work-life balance ( this was done by the employment of real-life instance surveies ) . Second, to convert employers of the demand for alteration ( DTI, 2003 ) . Work-life concerns are merely added to an organisation s package of patterns that are designed to profit competitory scheme to help attractive force and keeping in tight labour markets, cut down high degrees of absenteeism, and set up long-run relationships with employees based on committedness and productiveness. 2.1.2 The Need for a Work-life Balance As persons, are all expected to play multiple functions, i.e. employee, foreman, partner, parent, kid, sibling, friend, and community member. In bend, each of these functions imposes demands on us that necessitate clip, energy and committedness to carry through. The struggle of work-family or work-life happens when the cumulative demands of these many work and non-work life functions are miss-assorted in some regard so that engagement in one function is made more hard by engagement in the other function ( Duxbry and Higgins, 2001 ) . Duxbry and Higgins gestate work-life struggle to include countries such as, function overload ( RO ) ( holding excessively much to make and excessively small clip to make it in ) every bit good as function intervention ( when incompatible demands make it hard, if non impossible, for employees to execute all their functions good ) . Additionally, function intervention can be divided into two factors: household to work intervention ( FTW ) and work to household intervention ( WTF ) . With the first instance, intervention occurs when the functions and duties of the household impede the work related duties ( i.e. , a household unwellness prevents attending at work ; struggle at place makes concentration at work hard ) . With the latter instance ( WTF ) intervention occurs when work demands make it harder for an employee to carry through their household duties. 2.2 Background on Flexible Working Rights In April 2003 employees in the UK were foremost given the right to bespeak flexible working. In the modern work environment, the debut of these new rights helped to indicate up that traditional working forms could no longer be sustained by employers and that there was a demand to turn to the work/life balance. Organizations already confronting accomplishments shortages would happen enlisting and so keeping made harder if a more flexible attack to working forms was non adopted. 2.2.1 Suite of Rights The flexible working rights which were established were important in themselves, nevertheless, they formed portion of a new set of rights which sought to make a more family friendly work environment. Until April 2003, single parental rights were chiefly limited to pregnancy go forth for a new female parent giving her the right for a leave, the right for parents to take exigency clip off for dependents ( non merely limited to kids ) and to take up to 13 hebdomads parental leave, which had been introduced in December 1999. In April 2003, nevertheless, the following new rights were introduced: The right to pregnancy leave was extended well so that, for the first clip, all employees ( irrespective of their length of service ) were entitled to 26 hebdomads pregnancy leave and those with more than a twelvemonth s service acquired the right to 52 hebdomads pregnancy leave. Fathers besides gained rights, albeit limited to 2 hebdomads paternity leave, on the birth of their kid. Extraordinary new rights were given to those seeking to follow, with statutory acceptance leave and statutory paternity leave, giving rights reflecting pregnancy and paternity leave, for following parents. It is important ( and possibly indicates the extent to which this Government is acute to back up working parents ) that the following point on the flexible working docket, announced in 2004, is the possibility of leting flexible pregnancy leave between parents ; alternatively of merely a female parent holding the right to take up to 52 hebdomads pregnancy leave, there is the vision of some limited swapping of the right to maternity absence as between the female parent and male parent of the kid. Before these radical new rights in 2003, the ability of any employee to work flexibly or so part-time was really much limited to fortunes where an employer agreed through good will or good pattern to such an agreement. Before they existed, there were merely two fortunes where flexible working forms of any kind could be enforced: First, where an person was a handicapped employee and could show that some signifier of accommodation to their on the job hours or responsibilities and working agreements amounted to a sensible accommodation which their employer was thankful to do in conformity with the disablement favoritism. Second, and merely as a manner of disputing a refusal, female employees could reason that in regard of parttime working, a refusal to hold to parttime work was contrary to the sex favoritism. This is on the footing that it can be shown that a pattern within an organisation forbiding parttime working ( or so a pattern leting merely full-time working ) operates to the greater disadvantage of adult females than work forces and therefore falls within the construct of indirect sex favoritism. 2.2.2 Why was it implemented? The history that reflects the flexible working Torahs introduced in 2003 goes back a figure of old ages. In June 2001, the UK Government established a Task Force whose function was to see specifically the issues which working parents face ; in peculiar the Task Force was to see how to help parents in run intoing their desire for flexible working forms, whilst at the same clip staying compatible with the demand for concern efficiency and demands. The constitution of the Task Force was against the background of a voluntary run and Government support to promote employers and concerns to turn to work/life balance issues. In March 2000, the Prime Minister launched a run known as the Work/Life Balance Campaign with a position to carrying organisations to better the batch of working parents in such a manner as to nevertheless continue accomplishing concern and client demands. The original run was non in fact focused upon parents, but looked at all employees irrespective of whether they had caring duties or non. It was important, nevertheless, in acknowledging that the attitude, civilization and doctrine of workers had moved on well from the ambitious society of the 1980s and 1990s. Harmonizing to information from the Department of Trade and Industry, the Work/Life Balance Campaign was accompanied by a trial fund which, in the tally up to the debut of legislative demands and legal duties, encouraged employers to present and develop advanced working agreements. By assisting to fund consultancy support, undertakings were undertaken with work/life balance in head, including the debut of new working forms every bit good as specific enlisting undertakings. Over the three old ages from 2000 to 2003, the Work/Life Balance Challenge fund benefited employers to the amount of ?10.5 million. In its study on 19 November 2001, the Government Task Force made nine recommendations to the Government, many of which were translated to organize the footing of the new statute law. In add-on to the run and the recommendations of the Task Force, the Government had besides informed itself of the positions of the working population, through the issue of a green paper: Work and Parents: Competitiveness and Choice. This audience paper was issued in December 2000. The responses to the audience paper made clear that whilst bettering pregnancy and so paternity rights ( such as parental leave ) would be of benefit to working parents, by far the most popular and so important benefit was improved flexibleness to run into child care and work duties. Armed with these responses and the Task Force study About Flexible Working, the Government tabled parts of the Employment Act 2002 which resulted in execution of important new flexible working rights, implemented through an amendment to the Employment Rights Act 1996 and two sets of ordinances. Demographic Changes Demographic alterations have played a important function in affecting the demand for organisations to develop more varied and non-traditional working forms: With the ageing population, many more people are happening that they have caring duties such as looking after aged or handicapped relations. As we are all life longer, more persons are going disabled, harmonizing to the Employers Forum on Disability in UK. With the move off from extended households and as people become more nomadic, so they are non populating near to relations and parents, those with kids are less able to trust on grandparents or other relations to assist with kid attention duties. The per centum of adult females who have taken up employment has increased. The tendency for life anticipation, although different for work forces and adult females, has increased by approximately five old ages. The Business Case So much for the demographic alterations, but there are besides concern benefits for organisations which offer new or more flexible working agreements, peculiarly given the high accomplishments deficit in the UK and more older people who themselves are acute to work but may prefer or so necessitate more flexibleness. Employers may be surprised to cognize that for some persons the ability to work flexibly is more of import than the wage or benefits that a peculiar occupation may supply. In an on-line canvass carried out by Reed Recruitment in concurrence with the Department of Trade and Industry in UK as portion of its Work/Life Balance Campaign 2002, a 3rd of those polled ( out of 4,000 people ) expressed a penchant for holding the chance to work flexibly, instead than holding a ?1,000 wage rise ( Reed.co.uk ) . Over 43 % of the work forces who responded to the canvass selected flexible working as the benefit they would most look for in a new occupation, compared to 13 % who would look for a company auto, and 7 % who considered gym rank to be the precedence. Adopting household friendly and flexible working policies has the undermentioned advantages for employers: Retention of staff is the key to the stableness and cognition of the organisation. Knowledge is lost when person leaves and webs are broken. This can be critical in a little concern where major clients can travel elsewhere when an employee, who understands their demands and whom they trust, moves on to a rival. The typical enlisting costs of replacing an person have been estimated at an mean ?3,500, runing from ?1,000 for an unskilled manual worker to over ?5,000 for a professional employee. These costs do non take history of the investing made in preparation ( both formal and informal preparation ) which is lost if skilled employees leave the workplace, every bit good as lost clip and experience. Consequently, it makes commercial sense to seek and retain staff instead than enroll new staff ( Labor Turnover, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, October 2000 ) . Savingss in absenteeism. Absenteeism costs about ?500 per employee a twelvemonth. A one-fourth of employers rank place and household duties as one of the five chief causes of sickness absence. Employers that help their employees to equilibrate their work with their household lives see betterments in concern public presentation ( Cheibl, L. and Dex.S, 1998 ) . It enables concerns to profit from a greater part from the work force and maximizes the parts that working parents are able to do to their employers. Many employers observe benefits from flexible working and leave agreements including: improved employee satisfaction and motive improved keeping rates and enlisting benefits increased employee productiveness reduced labour turnover improved repute Reduced absenteeism. All of which provide improved concern consequences. After holding introduced the new rights for parents in 2003, a study was conducted and analysis of how successful the new rights have been within the UK ( Employment Relations Occasional Documents: Consequences of the First Flexible Working Employee Survey, Tom Palmer, Department of Trade and Industry ) . The result of that study demonstrated that one million parents had made petitions for flexible working. That is merely a one-fourth of those who are eligible, intending that three million who could hold made such a petition have non done so, portion of the principle behind that is the 52 % of parents who are eligible are incognizant in the first topographic point that they have the right to bespeak flexible working. And it significantly seems that employers when faced with such petitions do non hold any major trouble submiting them. 80 % of those employees bespeaking flexible working had their petition agreed. The Government has declared an purpose to widen these new rights beyond parents with kids under six. The fact that 10 % of employees without dependent kids were reported in the study to hold requested flexible working, suggests that there is a demand on the portion of persons without kids to derive this benefit. In organisations where petitions were made, despite that persons did non ever have the legal right, the grounds for the alteration were: 13 % quoted work life balance 11 % cited household duties 11 % merely because they wanted more free clip ( i.e. voluntary and non driven by child care or household force per unit areas ) 7 % because of travel agreements 7 % to run into the caring demands of relations or friends 6 % due to wellness jobs. As these statistics demonstrate, an organisation s ability to offer flexible working agreements provides a important benefit to an highly broad pool of existent or possible employees. What the study does non analyse is how many persons merely do non prosecute a petition. In the Equal Opportunity Commission s Annual Report for 2003-2004 ( available at www.eoc.org.uk ) four in 10 female parents, one in 10 male parents and one in five attention suppliers have left an organisation or refused a occupation because of caring duties. This suggests that there are many who do non hold assurance in their organisation s willingness to suit them. 2.2.3 What can be requested? The legislative petition for flexible working, which should be written and must be dated, can bespeak a fluctuation to the person s contract in one of the undermentioned ways: a alteration to the hours of work ; a alteration to the clip when the work is required ( for illustration, the same eight hr twenty-four hours but an early start and early coating ) ; a alteration to the topographic point of work as between place and topographic point of concern. The statutory commissariats do non travel beyond these reasonably focused and limited flexible agreements. Nothing within any of the commissariats appears to forestall the employee seeking a alteration to more than one of the above, for illustration to cut down hours and work from place. However, in this research we are aiming merely the 2nd proviso which is bespeaking a alteration to the clip when the work is required, that is called flextime, and its consequence on the work. 2.3 What other bookmans said: Work-family struggle is an inter-role struggle where occupation outlooks interfere with family-related duties ( Netemeyer, Brashearaˆ‘Alejandro, and Boles 2004 ) . Given the viing demands of work and life, it is unsurprising that many employees experience struggle between the two spheres. Work-life struggle can impact any employee but people with attention duties are more likely to endure most because of the greater demands on their clip. Research has tended to happen that female parents, peculiarly those with immature kids, are less satisfied with their work-life balance than other groups of workers ( Saltztein, Ting and Saltztein, 2001 ) . Consequences of work life struggle can be categorized into personal and organisational injuries. In the first topographic point, feelings of work-life struggle have been associated with, psychological and physical wellness jobs ; matrimonial and household relationship jobs, decreased life and occupation satisfaction and even impact kid development ( Evans and Steptoe 2002 ; Gornick and Meyers, 2003 ) . The effects of work-family struggle on organisational results have been good documented in the direction and psychological science literatures. Work- household struggle has damaging effects on productiveness and personal effectivity ( Gornick and Meyers, 2003 ) . It farther affects occupation satisfaction, employee keeping, and consequences in increased illness absence ( ODriscoll, Brough and Kalliath 2004 ) . Employers do recognize that employee emphasis is partly due to the challenges in equilibrating work and household ( Matusicky 2003 ) . Thus a good balance between work and household life has been said to profit employers, as it is linked to better life satisfaction and later to workers being more productive, originative and efficient ( Zelenski, Murphy and Jenkins 2008 ) . In a survey of over 700 houses in the US, UK, France and Germany ( referenced by the Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers EOPCEA, 2010 ) research workers found a important positive relationship between work-life balance patterns and productivity.A A The research besides reported that houses with flexible work agreements driven by good direction besides tend to encompass flexible workplace patterns. Related to work-family struggle, individuality theory suggests persons possess certain life functions ( i.e. , work-family functions ) that may conflict, therefore making a spillover consequence ( Thoits 1991 ) . When function clang occurs, the more valued function ( i.e. , household ) takes precedency, and persons are likely to transfuse protective steps to safeguard valued functions against possible harm. Harmonizing to individuality theory, these defence mechanisms may be implemented at the hazard of abandoning the conflicting function ( i.e. , work ) ( Thoits 1991 ) . Consistent with this impression, a survey based in the retail gross revenues industry indicates that when salespeople brush struggle between two chief functions ( work and household ) , they tend to retreat from the less outstanding work function through higher turnover in order to keep the more valued household function ( Netemeyer, Brashearaˆ‘Alejandro, and Boles 2004 ) . Numerous surveies have demonstrated that employees who are dissatisfied with their occupations are more likely to prosecute in organisational aberrance behaviours such as working less difficult, absenteeism and company larceny ( Lau, Au, and Ho 2003 ) . A recent meta-analysis on the effects of ethical clime suggests that occupation dissatisfaction poses a important menace to organisations due to its escalating effects on dysfunctional behaviour ( Martin and Cullen 2006 ) . ( Drew, Humphreys and Murphy 2003 ) believes that a figure of factors might promote employers to follow policies to advance work-life balance. These include the concern instance for such constabularies such as a lower staff turnover, reduced absence and improved productiveness, every bit good as alterations in human resource direction and alterations in engineering that enhances chances for working from place. Another cardinal factor is increasing demand for greater flexibleness from employees. Some research consequences show positive impact of flextime on the work-family balance. Flextime workers with kids under the age of 18 study lower degrees of clip force per unit area and a higher degree of occupation and life satisfaction than make their non-flex opposite numbers ( Zuzanek 2000 ) . Flexible work hours are associated with more satisfaction with household life ( Jekielek 2003 ) and a decrease in sensed clip emphasis ( Tausig and Fenwick 2001 ) . Analysts Comfort, Johnson and Wallace ( 2003 ) besides found flextime to be related to increased occupation satisfaction, increased satisfaction with wage and benefits, and a decrease in paid ill yearss. All of these relationships appeared somewhat stronger for adult females. A research on flexible working in Ireland has found these agreements are more common in the populace than in the private sector and that, adult females make usage of them more often than work forces ( Drew, Humphreys and Murphy 2003 ) . Gender and the public/private sector differentiation are two cardinal factors in the analysis of the effects of flexible working. While another survey in Canada, reports over tierce of Canadian employees holding flextime agendas ( Comfort, Johnson and Wallace 2003 ) .The proportion of those who reported holding flextime agreements is higher among work forces than among adult females and is chiefly found in little constitutions, non-unionized scenes, low-skill businesss, retail and commercial industries. As this country of research is new to the Bahraini society, and as the flextime has been adopted by some organisations merely late, we need to measure some research that leads to a decision sing the being of a relationship between flextime, work life balance, and between the flextime and employees productiveness.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The four management functions in relation to operation management Essay

The four management functions in relation to operation management theory - Essay Example The paper tells that there are four functions that a manager accomplishes in a business organization. These four functions are known as planning, controlling, organizing, and leading. This section of the paper will look at these individual functions closely. Planning involves the "ongoing process of developing the business' mission, and objectives, and how they will be accomplished." The planning process can be used in a broad sense to take into account the whole organization. This will include devising the company's mission and vision. It can also be applied in a specific situation such as the formulation of a strategy to increase the company's market share. Organizing, on the other hand, refers to the creation of the company's organizational structure. This involves determining the functions to be done as well the resources to accomplish them. Organizing also includes how processes will be managed and coordinated. In summary, the organizing function encompasses how managers distrib ute tasks to job holders and focus on division of labor, coordination, control of tasks, and flow of information within the organization. The third managerial function is leading to other writers refer to this function as directing. Leading "is influencing people's behavior through motivation, communication, group dynamics, leadership, and discipline." The real essence of leading is for the manager to equip the employees with their needs to realize the organization's objectives while giving them room to achieve their respective career objectives. Controlling is the managerial function which necessitates the identification of the company's specific goals. Controlling is a "four-step process of establishing performance standards based on the firm's objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the two, and taking corrective or preventive action as necessary." Put simply, the controlling function of management is the check and balance system which tries to reveal th e inefficiencies in the strategies employed in realizing the goals of the organization. Controlling is very significant as it tells the managers the loopholes and enables them to correct their systems in order to enhance the company's performance. The operation is one of the functional areas of an organization. Operations management is essentially the area which carefully manages the processes of the company's value chain in order to efficiently produce and distribute its products and servicesÃ'Ž Operations management is indispensable in the functioning of any business organization may it be a small start-up entity or a large manufacturing firm. Operations management deals with the management of the company's core activity. Therefore, the functions of operations managers vary with the major activity of a business entity. The operation manager of a company engaged in the manufacture of children’s toys is basically tasked to oversee the firm’s value chain from the procu rement of raw materials, assembly, sales, and after sales services such as handling of complaints and warranties. On the other hand, the operations managers of a service company like a spa handles day to day activities like management of workforce to service the customers.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Defend the proposition that the Bill of Rights in necessary today Essay

Defend the proposition that the Bill of Rights in necessary today - Essay Example The First Amendment is the glue that holds the countries hard-fought-for freedoms intact. The foundation of the American criminal justice system is founded upon the right to due process of law (Fifth Amendment) and the right to a speedy, public and fair trial along with the right to counsel and to confront the accuser, (Sixth Amendment). The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (â€Å"The Constitution†, 2006). Obviously, the right to own arms was of supreme importance to the Founders given that it was listed second only after the freedom of religion and speech was documented in the First Amendment. These four Amendments are invoked regularly today, argued and debated in and out of court. Each is necessary for the freedoms we all enjoy and as relevant today as they were imagined to be when conceived by the Founding fathers. The First Amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† (â€Å"The Constitution†, 2006). ... Journalists who questioned the King’s decisions were often jailed or worse. The Founders knew that if the press were not free, the country would not be either. The role of the media is critical to the preservation of freedom itself. The Constitutional right to freedom of expression and of the press includes the un-infringed right to investigate and publicly announce information or to espouse opinion. An effective media outlet must have editorial independence and serve a diversity of public interests uncontrolled by government or ideological influence. An adversarial relationship sometimes exists between mass media and the government regarding the public’s right to know balanced against matters of national security (Center for Democracy and Governance 1999 p. 5). Despite the criticisms of the press, would anyone in this country actually want press to stop doing its job? Journalists, as part of a free press, serve to enlighten the public regarding governmental activities as well as other items of common interest, often placing themselves in harm’s way for the benefit of others. America probably needs the freedom of the press today more so than in any other time in its history. The previous presidential administration stripped away freedoms at an unprecedented rate and ignored global and domestic concerns involving this nation in an illegal and immoral war all under the guise of the ‘war on terror.’ Politicians are as still corrupt as ever. The press should be held to the high standard they set for themselves and revered and recognized for the vital function they provide the country. Without the press and the constitutionally guaranteed freedom it enjoys in this nation, democracy could not endure. If they were to overstep their powers,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 - Case Study Example This paper provides an evaluation of the conflict, negotiation of the treaty as well as an evaluation of the suppositions and empirical evidence as provided by the relevant readings and will offer analysis of underlying dynamics of conflict along with recommendations. The Russo-Japanese War prevailed between 1904 and 1905 and was the initial major military conflict of the 20th century, which developed from the imperial aspirations of Japanese and Russian empires particularly over the territories of Manchuria along with Korea (Woodhouse et al 1-10). The principal fronts of the confrontation were the southern part of Manchuria particularly the regions around Mukden and Liaodong peninsula as well as the sea adjacent to Korea and yellow sea. The Russian realm endeavored to obtain a warm water harbor located in the area of Pacific Ocean for purposes of the navy and commerce since Vladivostok could be used in summer seasons and was dormant on other seasons. Port Arthur on the other hand co uld be used throughout the year. Negotiations between the two ambitious foes had failed right from the conclusion of the initial Sino-Japanese conflict making war inevitable (Wandberge 23). Japan resorted to war in order to become overriding in Korea. Following the failure of talks, Japan attacked the Russians soldiers stationed at Port Arthur, a position located in Liaotung that had been granted to Russian by China via lease; this marked the beginning of the war (Butler 247). It was evident that owing to the fact that the Russians were not well managed, Japan triumphed in numerous battle fronts. The outcomes of the military campaigns were a huge global surprise in the sense that the victory of Japan was unexpected and shifted the power arrangement in East Asia. These outcomes brought Japan to the global stage as a major member of the world community. The course of negotiation at Portsmouth Peace accord has been recognized as a clear epitome of multi-track mediation. Records from th e process had indicated that citizen diplomacy was prevalent at Portsmouth- residents of the area inspired the negotiators to bring peace especially during a number of social events in instances when the process was failing. This has been cited as an important pillar in diplomacy. There are five strategies of negotiations that include contention, yielding, avoidance, problem solving and compromise (Zartman and Rasmussen 4). Contention involves the aspect of obsession with individual goals and less concern for the goals of the other party. Contention leads to confrontation, which involves threats, and restrictions along with hostility. Yielding is a situation where both parties are more concerned with the requirements of the other party and not their own, which creates a situation of pleasing each other and lessening the apprehensions. Avoidance signifies the absence of interest in both parties. Problem solving is a concern for each party’s goals that create an opportunity to generate a solution. Compromise being the ultimate in conciliation is an endeavor that is never arrived with enthusiasm (Dana 63-66). Experts of international relations have often concentrated on power relations among nations as an imperative dynamic in a broad category of state conduct, which comprises of creating alliance and tactical interactions along with negotiations programs. It is evident that that the power equation between Russia and Japan played a

Friday, November 15, 2019

Surveillance And Dataveillance in governments

Surveillance And Dataveillance in governments Introduction It has become very common practice for the Governments to keep and use public data for the betterment and quality of services provided. Different information systems are in custom which involve data about the people. For better use of public data, it is necessary to reliably associate the data with specific persons. An effective and efficient identification system should be established and maintained. Information technology has remarkably progressed in human identification system. It is very easy to identify and monitor a person with the help of modern IT tools. They key challenge for the supervising authorities is to develop identification and monitoring program which should be practicable and economic to address the issues. These programs should have high integrity to solve the problems faced by the governments regarding human identification and monitoring. The special concern in this regard is the threat to personal privacy that the human identification and monitoring programs presents. If these programmers are introduced energetically, the reaction of social fabric may be threatened. Surveillance and dataveillance What is surveillance? Surveillance involves keeping constant watch over individuals or a premise, the purpose of this activity can be to spy, supervise or to control. It assists in collecting information about the individuals movement, contacts and activities (Clarke 1988, p.499). The main form of surveillance is known as physical surveillance which is ultimately watching and listening. The current technologically advanced world assists greatly in surveillance, as it provides top monitoring devices such as infrared binoculars, field glasses, light amplifiers satellite cameras, and sound amplification devices like directional microphones to easily monitor from a greater distance and at any time of the day. There are also some well-known ways such as communications surveillance which involves taping the phone or bugging a premise, which allows you to listen and be aware of the individuals whereabouts and their associates and intended plans (Clarke 1988, p.499). Surveillance these days provide profound insight into ones life and by collecting data from other sources as well a complete history of past and present of that individual can be created. This gives the holder of this information such as the government or an agency great control over the individual (Clarke 1988, p.499). What is dataveillance? Surveillance involves the monitoring of an individual through watching and listening using modern technology. Dataveillance on the hand is monitoring by accessing and reading through personal and confidential data of an individual by using advanced information technology tools. This involves accessing their bank account details, credit card purchases, GPS on their cars and mobile, emails and internet browsing to get an insight into their personal lives. Dataveillance is the result of evolution of technology, as we become more and more dependent on technology it is creating an opportunity for others to invade our privacy and monitor our every move (Clarke 1988, p.499). Government agencies often use dataveillance to prevent terrorist attacks and other heinous crimes. There are two types of dataveillance that are common:ÂÂ   personal and mass dataveillance (Clarke 1988, p.499). Personal dataveillance its benefits and dangers Personal dataveillance is the monitoring of a targeted individual for a particular reason. This can involve monitoring by a government agency like the police or tax department to find evidence of crimes committed or where stolen money is hidden. This evidence can be then be used in court to prosecute the individual. This form of dataveillance is valuable to the authorities as it provides them with evidence and information that cannot be easily obtained through manual investigation and interrogation techniques. (Clarke 1988). Dataveillance is used heavily in chasing fugitives, prosecuting criminals and tracking terrorists. A current example is how dataveillance was used to eliminate Al Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden. While Osama Bin Laden was aware of dataveillance techniques and avoided all activities that wouldve led to him being tracked, his associates used technology and were able to be tracked. That is how one of his couriers was tracked when he made phone calls on behalf of the Al Qaida leader. This led to his demise and highlights the importance of dataveillance in tackling terrorism.ÂÂ   From identifying terrorist cells around the globe to using high tech drones to monitor Afghanistan for terrorist activities, it is a valuable ally to the government. It also helps local authorities hunt down cyber predators and bullies as well as identity fraud. This was the case in America when a high earning Wall Street employee was caught for insider trading. Dataveillance not only is used by authorities but also by businesses and individuals. Businesses can track employees activities such as internet usage and time checks to ensure employees are working efficiently. It can also be used in risk management to detect and prevent errors and fraud to better safeguard their business. Individuals can also use dataveillance to a degree such as using GPS on a car to see where a family member has travelled and what websites the kids are browsing. It offers families a form of security and control. Businesses and individuals will not all use the personal dataveillance in the right manner. Personal dataveillance is also a powerful weapon that can be used to gain power over another entity. Confidential secrets can be uncovered and be used to blackmail an individual. It can be used to stalk a particular person or locate someone to hurt physically. In the wrong hands it can becomes a great tool to continuously have access to the intended target and that thought alone is frightening (Clarke 1988). Since dataveillance is more in terms of monitoring data then the actual person, it provides room for wrong identification.ÂÂ   If wrong identification isnt detected then an innocent person may be prosecuted or much worse if there were bad intentions for monitoring that individual.ÂÂ   If there are errors in the personal dataveillance technique then it would lead to ill-informed decisions (Clarke 1988). Dataveillance can be used negatively by business in certain areas such as hiring employees. Sometimes to better know the candidate, they can view social network sites such as Facebook to understand the candidate. This can lead to a false reading of their character and can result in not being hired. Facebook is used by millions of people and it has access to each of their personal details and lives. If this database isnt protected someone can come in and access these valuable information and exploit them at will. (McIntosh et al). An example is that of Julian Asange who had used dataveillance techniques to monitor and retrieve high level government documents and made them public. Furthermore personal dataveillance of an individual without their consent is illegal. While the government agencies are excused as they perform these monitoring techniques to ensure our safety. However for businesses and individuals if caught tracking an individual without their consent, it can be punished by law as it is a breach of ones privacy. Mass dataveillance its benefits and dangers Mass dataveillance is monitoring of a certain large group in order to identify an individual who belongs to that certain group. It is controversial as it is a form of profiling based on race, gender and religion and all are targeted, even though there is no suspicion to justify monitoring them. It involves identifying members of the entire population that belong to a specified group and then using techniques similar to that of personal dataveillance except all data trails despite them being not important are followed up in the hope it could lead to someone of interest. (Clarke 1988). The benefits of this form of surveillance is that it is most likely that the person of interest will belong to that group hence monitoring just that group will be more efficient then looking through the entire population. It is used by authorities such as the government and police as well as some businesses. Mass dataveillance can be summed up as a witch hunt while personal dataveillance is more targeted to an individual and does not affect other people. Mass dataveillance leads to discrimination and false accusations. Businesses may target a certain group of their employees as they suspect they could be up to some wrongdoing. Individuals can be closely monitored simply for the fact they belong to certain group of people. This type of surveillance has been used heavily in certain eastern countries but now it is also seen in western countries as a result of increased terrorism. However this shows how ones privacy can be invaded if necessary by higher authorities even when they maybe innocent. Instead mass dataveillance is used to arise suspicion rather than monitor individuals of suspicion like personal dataveillance. (Clarke 1988). The first and far most threat of dataveillance is to the privacy and identity of individuals and as a society as a whole. Mass surveillance has been criticized on many grounds like violation of privacy rights, illegality and for prevention social and political freedom. Importance of Privacy Privacy can be defined as a persons right to be left alone and one of the most valued right by free people (Craig 2006). Privacy is peoples right to make their own decisions regarding private matters and it is peoples right to live their lives secluded from public inquiry (Craig 2006). Privacy is important for different perceptions. They are Philosophically This is the concept of human dignity and integrity, as well as the notions of individual autonomy and self-determination. This is the notion and importance of Human rights. Psychologically The peoples need for private space. Sociologically The peoples need to behave freely and to communicate with other people without having the threat of being observed. Economically The peoples need to invent without surveillance. Politically The peoples need to be free to act, think and argue without surveillance. (Clarke 2006) Broadly interpreted privacy is an individuals integrity and therefore includes every characteristics of an individuals social need (Clarke 2006). Using Maslows Hierarchy of Needs privacy can be illustrated in the following categories (Clarke 2006): Privacy of the person It is also known as ‘bodily privacy. It is the integrity of a persons body and comes under the Physiological and Safety needs in Maslowian Hierarchy. It is broadly known as a persons freedom from torture and his right to medical treatment. Privacy of personal behaviour It is also known as ‘media privacy and comes under belonging and self-esteem needs in Maslowian Hierarchy. It relates to peoples personal lives and not to be observed. Privacy of personal communications It is also known as ‘interception privacy and comes under belonging and self-esteem needs in Maslowian Hierarchy. It is an individuals right to communicate with other people without being observed. Privacy of personal data It is also known as ‘data privacy and comes under belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslowian Hierarchy. It is an individuals right to control over his data even in the hands of a third party. (Clarke 2006) All means of dataveillance deter the concept of privacy of individuals and society as a whole. One cannot perform well if he is being watched all the time. People do not feel themselves safe as this watch over can be used in a negative way. Dataveillance can harm the privacy and identity of the individuals and the society in the following ways 1. The main and direct threat of dataveillance is that no actual people are always observing our data. It is mostly computer systems that collect and link the relevant data. Also it is very likely that computer systems can make mistakes and give information that is incorrect. These mistakes are mostly overlooked as there are no people monitoring this data. This can create a range of other problems like identifying wrongly people into different categories according to his data collected. For example a person using his personal computer to research on terrorism for a project can be categorised into a group of highly watched individuals. In this example the individual is incorrectly identified and will have problems trying to oppose being branded as a terrorist. 2. The next threat of dataveillance is the quality of the data. Currently there are no standards concerning the quality of the data that are collected in the dataveillance systems. People or companies that collect data usually use cheap and easy forms dataveillance technology to reduce their costs. This is due no standards on the technology used for dataveillance. The data collected by these cheap technologies are usually low quality data and therefore may contain many errors and could put an individual in unnecessary dangers. Also most individuals are unaware that their data is collected and therefore will not be able to oppose these facts. 3. Another important threat is that the data collected on an individual can be misinterpreted and is more likely if all the relevant data is not thoroughly checked. People or a computer system is not going to do extensive research as to whether the data collected is correct in that circumstance and therefore will only show the immediate facts. These days online marketing technology instantaneously collects, enhance and aggregate the data. This creates lots of problems for consumer privacy. (Donahue, Whittemore, Heerman) Conclusion Dataveillance has two sides; on one side, it apparently offers speed, security, and safety; on the other, it unnecessarily exposes individuals to potential threats for privacy. Privacy is a privilege that most people take for granted. It is simply thought of as a source of God given right that we, as human being, are entitled to, the right to have our own space, to be safe, and to be left alone. The increased use of dataveillance has been found very useful on many occasions and no one regret the positive aspects of dataveillance. For example as mentioned above it was most probably dataveillance techniques that led to the killing of Osama Bin Laden which reflects the positive highlights of dataveillance. However the main concern for the use of dataveillance technology is that it has no standards or regulations. In addition, because of its perceived benefits, the worrisome aspects are usually overlooked. This perhaps sheds light on why resistance is often lacking or simply fails. It is important in the early stages of 21st century, for citizens to ask collectively whether the negative aspects of dataveillance are likely to be mitigated or eliminated if present trends continue. If as a concerned citizen, we feel the negative effects of dataveillance will not be mitigated if we continue on the current path; then we must move collectively away from trying to maintain an ever-weakening illusion of privacy, and shift to offensive, by demanding accountability of those whose power is enhanced by dataveillance. Therefore it is only when standards and regulations are adopted will individuals be able to enjoy privacy and freedom.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Travel Agent Career Project

The occupation that I chose is to be a Travel Agent. â€Å"Travel agents sell transportation, lodging, and admission to entertainment activities to individuals and groups who are planning trips. They offer advice on destinations, plan trip itineraries, and make travel arrangements for clients. † (OOH) The reason i chose this job is because my mom is a travel agent so I am able help her out a lot, and after long experience i discovered that i enjoyed being a travel agent and that i would like to be one in the future.Ive been helping her out for at least seven years, and i am very experienced and knowledgeable with all of the systems, and how everything goes. My personality type description shows that I am a confident person who is always sure of there self, and that I speak my mind directly and honestly. I am strong opiniated and i am very convincing. People admire my determination and my social skills, which shows that i achieve high standards to keep the respect that others h ave for me.I am very creative and i dont like repitition, so i always need to be challenged to keep myself interested. I am also very imaginative which helps me look beyond everything to find a solution or think of how everything goes. I dont go well with slackers and everything has to be done on time. Also the personality trait says that people are impressed with my knowledge, and that i am very respectful so people feel comfortable with me. After i completed the whole values worksheet/evaluation, i realized that my main values in life are: fame, money, power and humanitarianism.I feel that these values fit into my career choice because many famous people like to go on vacations, and that if i succeed my expectations, i can become a rich, famous and popular travel agent. You need to be knowelgeable with: customer and personal service, geography, sales and marketing, transportation, and the english language. Also you need a high school degree, or something equal to it. You do not ne ed training, but many people like to go to travel school so they are ready. You need very well social skills. You have to be reasonable, and you cannot be rude. You have to be able to solve issues, and keep everyone happy.The national pay per year is $31,870. The interests and aptitudes for this job are: social skills, people skills, managing skills, computer skills, geographical skills, and knowledge on tours, transpiration, and policies. I think i meet this criteria because I have all of those skills, i have traveled many times, and i am very familiar with everything a travel agent needs to know. â€Å"Developing and following a well laid-out plan, networking effectively to get good information and advice, and impressing people by becoming very knowledgable about their interests and/or organizations. (MBTI) There isnt really a promotion for this job. Everybody does the same exact thing. The benefits of this job can be the tip, commision, and/or hourly rates you get paid. Since th is job doesn’t have major promotions, there really isnt a big difference for that instance. There isnt any information on benefits. Works Cited http://www. onetonline. org/link/summary/41-3041. 00 https://connection. naviance. com/family-connection/personality-type â€Å"Summary. † U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 11 July 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. .

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Andres Bonifacio: Story of Life Essay

Bonifacio was the son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro in Tondo, Manila, and was the eldest of five children.[7] His father was a tailor who served as a tenyente mayor of Tondo, Manila, while his mother was a mestiza born of a Spanish father and a Filipino-Chinese mother who worked at a cigarette factory. As was custom, upon baptism he was named for the saint on whose feast he was born, Andrew the Apostle. Bonifacio’s normal schooling was cut short when he dropped out to support his siblings after both their parents died of illness. He sold canes and paper fans he made himself and made posters for business firms. In his late teens, he worked as a mandatory for the British trading firm Fleming and Company, where he rose to become a corregidor of tar, rattant and other goods. He later transferred to Fressell and Company, a German trading firm, where he worked as a bodeguero (storehouse worker). Bonifacio was also a part-time actor who performed in moro-moro plays. Not finishing his normal education, Bonifacio was self-educated. He read books about the French Revolution, biographies of the Presidents of the United States, books about contemporary Philippine penal and civil codes, and novels such as Victor Hugo’s Les Misà ©rables, Eugà ¨ne Sue’s Le Juif errant and Josà © Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Aside from Tagalog and Spanish, he could speak a little English, learnt from his working for J.M. Fleming and Co.[8] Bonifacio was married twice, first to a certain Monica who died of leprosy. He then married Gregoria de Jesà ºs of Caloocan in 1893. They had one son named Andrà ©s who died in infancy of smallpox (Chickenpox). In 1892 he joined Rizal’s La Liga Filipina, an organisation which called for political reform in the colonial government of the Philippines. However, La Liga disbanded after only one meeting as Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan in Mindanao. Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini and others revived La Liga in Rizal’s absence and Bonifacio was active at organising local chapters in Manila. La Liga Filipina contributed moral and financial support to Propaganda Movement Filipino reformists in Spain.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Recreating Society- banning the N word

Recreating Society- banning the N word Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Nigga what? Nigga who? Nigga what, nigga who? Switcha flow, getcha dough; can’t fuck with this Roc-a-Fella shit doe. Switcha flow, getcha dough; cant fuck with this Roc-a-Fella shit doe. Cant fuck with me. Motherfuckers wanna act loco, hit em wit, numerous shots with the fo-fo’. All night get you wide up inside the telly. (Nigga what?). Make you think you can fuck with me. (Nigga who?). Recognize girl, Jay to the Z† (AZ Lyrics). These are examples of the lyrics that many people, who listen to rap music, will hear on a daily basis. The word nigga, as it is used in this song, with an â€Å"a† at the end, means friend or homie. It was originally derived from the word nigger, which back during the days of slavery and hate, referred to all African. The problem is that many people want the word banned because is its past connotation â€Å"as an expression of affection, as a joshing taunt, as a subversive appropriation of a word that still retains its power to wound† (Taylor). The word nigga is used in the every day vocabulary of many blacks. Most choose to say it, and others do not. The problem occurs when it blacks say it to each other nonchalantly, without knowing or without caring about the historical meaning of the word. There are many blacks who believe that people who use it are ignorant regardless of how it is used, and forming what we know today as the â€Å"uppity negro,† or a black person who thinks they are better than other blacks. There is already enough competition and tension within society as it is without having to increase it within a certain race. The city of New York has put an â€Å"official moratorium, a symbolic motion which carries no fine and is partly meant to stop the term from being used casually by youth and in music, on the n-word† (Shepherd). This got many legislatures thinking about banning the word all together because â€Å"it remains a principal symbol of white racism regardless of who is using it† (Middleton). There are many people who support the idea of banning the word nigger, but there are many who believe that banning the word would be taking away our first amendment right to freedom of speech, one of the many rights blacks fought for doing the civil rights movement. Beside the fact that people are using the word toward one another, it is the fact that people are using the word without knowing its true origins. â€Å"Historically, nigger defined, limited, made fun of, and ridiculed all Blacks,† and it is this historic humiliation which irks so many and constitutes it reasoning to be banned (Middleton). But, would actually banning the word solve the problem? Then comes problem of â€Å"†¦blacks [making themselves into] prisoners of the past or the ugly words that originated in the past† (Middleton). Most blacks do not use the word nigger but instead the word nigga, but there is also the argument that â€Å"nigger is the ultimate expression of white racism and white superiority no matter how it is pronounced† (Middleton). It has gotten so bad that many people who support the ban of the word have gone to the â€Å"RIAA with a request that the Academy refrain from nominating musicians for Grammy Awards if they use the term in their lyrics†, and with this request society has no choice but to prepare for the uprising that is yet to come (Shepherd). Instead of banning a word, which constitutionally is not possible, allow the word to be recreated. Society and blacks should be allowed to recreate the word nigger into the word nigga, and show that we can take something negative and turn it into something positive; also we are not allowing the past to haunt us by banning a word, but surpassing the future by allowing it to be recreated. The word nigger has a horrible and demeaning origin, but banning the word will not get rid of the hurt that it caused many blacks so long ago, and besides â€Å"when it comes to this sort of cleaning up of history, the result is of course, to erase history itself, and thus our ability to learn anything from it,† and that is only making the problem worse because we are being limited to a history which has helped to form such a diverse and intelligent race. Blacks have come a long way from being illiterate slaves to intelligent men and women. And with this intelligence have decided to take a word that once burdened them and turned it into just an ordinary word. The word nigga â€Å"has to be understood in its situation; repeated use of the word by Blacks will make it less offensive,† and although it may have come from a hateful word, they mean two different things. I sent a questionnaire to students in my English and Criminal Justice class asking them what they felt about the issue, and about twenty-five percent said that if nigga could be recreated and added into the dictionary then anyone should be allowed to say it. Which is true, as long as those other races have a clear understanding of the root word from which the word nigga came from, and as long as it is not being used to disrespect another race. Most races which use the word are not using it to be rude or insensitive, they are using it to sound hip or cool, but blac ks seem to have this double standard of living. We still believe that we are owed our forty acres and a mule, when in reality that is the ignorance which is holding us back, not the use of the word nigga. Many people want to blame rap music for the insecurities which they feel within themselves. But â€Å"hip-hop artists rap about what they see, hear, and feel around them, their experiences of the world. â€Å"†¦their messages are a mirror of what is right and wrong with society. Sometimes their observations or the way in which they choose to express their art may be uncomfortable for some to hear, but our job is not to silence or censor that expression,† which is exactly the reason why the Academy did not listen to all of the supporters who went to the RIAA (Stokes). Yes, children grow up listening to rap music most of their lives, but it is up to the parents and teachers to teach the young children about the word nigger and what it means. Banning a word because of its origins is limiting us to our freedom of speech. The word nigger and nigga should both be allowed to be in the dictionary, with a clear understanding and distinction between the two. The word nigger has had its turn to overshadow the hard work that blacks have put into making a better name for themselves. Nigga may not be that much of a better word, but it is a word which shows uprising and empowerment. It is a word that regardless of who doesn’t like it, will not and cannot be banned. Research Papers on Recreating Society- banning the "N" wordHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Newtons Second Law Essay Example

Newtons Second Law Essay Example Newtons Second Law Paper Newtons Second Law Paper To confirm the relationship between the net force applied to a body and the bodys acceleration.Background:This experiment has two parts; Part A: How does the acceleration of a trolley change as you change the weight of the total mass on a mass holder supported by a pulley?; Part B: How does the acceleration of a trolley change as you change the weight of the total mass on the trolley itself?When the trolley is released, it accelerates to the right due to the mass on the mass holder, passing through two light gates. A scalar timer connected to each light gate records the time taken for a card mounted on the glider to pass through the light gate The time recorded at the two light gates is used to calculate 2 different speeds of the glider, and hence the acceleration of the glider may be found.Equipment: Trolley, 2 light gates, 2 scalar timers, masses, string, card, ruler, electric scalePart A:Data Collection:Mass of Weight (g)Time (s)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2 300.840.440.870.450.850.440.860.44400.620.330.640.320.630.320.620.32500.520.280.530.270.530.270.530.27600.450.240.460.240.460.240.460.24700.420.220.420.220.410.210.410.21800.390.200.390.200.390.200.390.20900.370.190.360.190.360.190.360.191000.340.170.340.180.340.170.340.181100.320.170.320.170.320.170.320.171200.300.160.300.160.300.160.300.16Constants:Mass of car 607.8 gDistance between light gate 1(LG1) to light gate 2 (LG2): 30 cmCard length: 17 cmData Processing:To convert the masses to forces we must do the following. Since the measurements are taken in grams we need to divide by 1000. This makes our measurements change to kilograms. After that we need to multiply by 9.8 because 1 kg is 9.8 N.Mass of Weight (g)Force (N)300.29400.39500.49600.59700.69800.78900.881000.981101.081201.18Since we have more than one trial for each mass, we need to find the average times for each mass.Average Times:Force (N)LG1 Time (s)LG2 Time (s)0.290.860.440.390.630.320.490.530.270.590.460.240.690.420. 220.780.390.200.880.360.190.980.340.181.080.320.171.180.300.16If then to calculate the velocity we will take the length of the card (17 cm) which is d, and divide it by the average times.Velocities:Force (N)LG1 Velocity (ms-1)LG2 Velocity (ms-1)0.290.200.380.390.270.530.490.320.620.590.370.710.690.410.790.780.440.850.880.470.890.980.500.971.080.531.001.180.571.06To calculate the acceleration we will need to use the following equation for motion:The next step is to make a (acceleration) the subject of the equationThis means that, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and s is the distance traveled which is a fixed value of 30 cm (Distance between Light Gate 1 and Light Gate 2)Acceleration:Force (N)Acceleration (ms-2)0.290.180.390.340.490.480.590.610.690.760.780.890.880.970.981.161.081.201.181.35There is a linear relationship in this graph; this shows that the net force is directly proportional to the acceleration.Part B:Data Collection:Additional Mass of Cart (g)Time (s)T rial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG200.390.200.390.200.400.200.400.20500.420.210.430.220.420.210.430.221000.460.230.460.230.450.230.450.231500.490.250.500.250.490.250.490.252000.510.260.500.250.520.270.510.262500.540.280.550.280.540.280.550.283000.580.290.570.290.590.290.570.293500.610.310.610.310.610.310.610.314000.660.340.650.330.660.350.650.344500.790.390.780.390.800.400.780.38Constants:Mass of car: 407.7 gDistance between light gate 1(LG1) and light gate 2 (LG2): 30 cmCard length: 17 cmMass on Pulley: 50 gData Processing:Mass of Cart:To find the mass of the cart we need to add the initial mass of the cart to the additional mass added onto it. We also need to convert this number into kilograms.Additional Mass on Cart (g)Mass of Cart (g)Mass of Cart (kg)0407.70.4150457.70.46100507.70.51150557.70.56200607.70.61250657.70.66300707.70.71350757.70.76400807.70.81450857.70.86Since we have more than one trial for each mass, we need to find the average times for each mass.Av erage Times:Mass of Cart (kg)LG1 Time (s)LG2 Time (s)0.410.400.200.460.430.220.510.460.230.560.490.250.610.510.260.660.550.280.710.580.290.760.610.310.810.660.340.860.790.39If then to calculate the velocity we will take the length of the card (17 cm) which is d, and divide it by the average times.Velocities:Mass of Cart (kg)LG1 Velocity (ms-1)LG2 Velocity (ms-1)0.410.430.850.460.400.790.510.370.740.560.350.680.610.330.650.660.310.610.710.290.590.760.280.550.810.260.500.860.220.44To calculate the acceleration we will need to use the following equation for motion:The next step is to make a (acceleration) the subject of the equationThis means that, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and s is the distance traveled which is a fixed value of 30 cm (Distance between Light Gate 1 and Light Gate 2)Acceleration:Mass of Cart (kg)Acceleration (ms-2)0.410.900.460.770.510.680.560.570.610.520.660.460.710.440.760.370.810.300.860.24Since we are getting a hyperbola shape in the graph, we will try to graph Mass of Cart vs. Acceleration-1 to get a linear relationship.I think that the last two points are outliers and they have been subject to lots of error. This is why I will draw the graph again without including them in the trend line.These graphs show that the mass of the cart is inversely or indirectly proportional to the acceleration. This means that the mass of the cart is directly proportional to the inverse of the acceleration.Conclusion and Evaluation:Figure 1Figure 2The aim of this lab is to confirm the relationship between the net force applied to a body and the bodys acceleration. The experiment has two parts: Part As aim is to see how the net force applied to a body affects the acceleration and Part Bs aim is to see what happens to the acceleration as you increase the mass of the cart.Obviously, the higher the net force on a body, the larger its acceleration. This is the obvious thing we found out from part a. In part B we found out that as the mass of the cart increased, its acceleration decreased. This is where the errors come in.This experiment was designed in a way the friction would be very minute or inexistent. The first set-up is using an air track; this allows the vehicle to move freely without friction due to a cushion of air being blown through the air track. The second set-up is using a friction compensated runway; this runway cancels out the effect of friction. However, our set-up included friction; this means that our results are distorted. The other thing is that all the values for the acceleration are lower than the actual value. This is because of Friction; all these calculations neglect the effect of friction. Friction makes a body move slower, slow moving bodies have a large inertia, so all the values of Mass are larger than the actual value.Assume there are two bodies, body A and body B. They are traveling on different surfaces but are pushed with the same force. Body A has a smaller net force than body B; there fore you assume that Body A has a larger mass than Body B or Body B has a larger acceleration than Body A. What if I told you that this is not the case? Maybe Body A and Body B have the same mass, what would you think? It would be logical to think that there are other forces acting on the system, Friction. Body A is traveling on a wooden surface (friction is present), Body B is traveling on a slippery, frictionless surface (friction is not present). So Body A doesnt have a larger mass than Body B, its just the surfaces that make us think so. This is the same here; these calculations assumed that friction was something else, which is why there are absurd numbers.If then imagine that a tension force of 1 N is acting on a body which is accelerating a 5 meters per second squared. and and This means the mass of the body equals 0.2 kilograms. What is happening in our situation is that our acceleration is smaller than it should be due to the other forces acting on the cart, like friction a nd air resistance. For example, instead of 5 ms-2 it is 4ms-2. This causes for there to be an error in our calculations.and and . This means the mass of the body is 0.25 kilograms- but its not. This value is larger than the real value, and this is exactly what is happening to us.The same problem exists in Part B. The net force is always less than the real value, 0.49 N. This is due to the other forces acting on the body like friction and air resistance., in part B the net force is always constant and the mass and acceleration are always changing. Since the acceleration is going to be smaller than it should be (due to the other forces acting on the body) the net force will also be smaller than it should be.The other problem with including friction comes in part B. When you add weights on the cart, you increase the force of gravity acting on the cart and the force of normal reaction acting on the cart (Figure 2). But, as you increase the mass of the cart you push the cart and make it come closer to the surface it is in contact with. This increases the force of friction and makes is increase as you increase the mass of the cart.The other (smaller) errors in our lab were the following. Firstly, the way we released the weight that would pull the cart was different each time, there is no way of keeping that the same no matter how hard we try. Secondly, we drew a line that shows where we are supposed to release the cart; the cart will never be in the same position as it was the first time we released it. Finally, we did this lab in two sittings, this means the environment changed and we had to make some adjustments, this affected the accuracy of our lab.To ensure the accuracy of our lab we did many things. Firstly, we measured the distance between the light gates more than one and between trials. Secondly, we made sure that the light gates were placed parallel to the edge of the counter. Also, we drew a line that would show us where we should release the cart. Next, we did four trials instead of three or one trial. We weighed the cart more than once and we measured the length of the card more than once as well. Finally, we tried to keep the lab as accurate as possible by doing the same jobs each time because everybody does their own job in their own way and if that way was kept constant than our results would be more accurate.Next time, we will use a different set-up, preferably with an air-track and a very streamlined glider. We will take even more accurate measurements so that our data would be even more accurate than it is. We will make sure we are releasing the cart from the same place each time, even if it means we need to use a magnifying glass. We will also try to do this lab in one sitting. Finally, we will try to come up with a way in which we will release the cart so that it would be the same each time.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Marketing - Essay Example This is the reason why companies take aggressive selling efforts to stiffly compete with other firms offering similar product lines. Territorial and product line expansion are the two major strategies generally employed by firms to enhance sustainable economic growth. Goodwill Rapidly changing modern marketing trends are switching the business focus from profitability to goodwill believing that the market stature would automatically contribute to profit maximisation. According to Kamaruddin, Ibrahim, and Zain (2004), this concept helps firms aim to create an address for their products and attain a dominant position in the market. Modern marketers strongly believe that reputation would greatly assist the firm to survive the intense market competition. Standard of living By offering quality products and services at affordable rates, modern marketers also aim at the improving people’s standard of living which in turn may add value to their firms’ good will. Nowadays, firms include a wide variety of corporate responsibility programmes in their marketing plan so as to improve the living standards of people and hence to achieve customer loyalty. Global marketing is defined as â€Å"marketing on a worldwide scale reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives† (Strategic: Web Marketing Group, 2010) . Hence, the above identified marketing goals are relevant to global marketing. While dealing with global marketing, the only difference is that a firm operates on a global scale instead of focusing on a niche market. Therefore, the basic goals of marketing remain the same no... This essay focuses on the marketing goals and strategies that can be simply defined as the predetermined statements of desired or anticipated outcomes, which are expected from a firm’s marketing plan. Generally, every firm sets broader goals that represent simple statements of what will be attained within the stipulated period of time. The marketing goal works as a strategic tool to manage the development of objectives and to suggest the direction regarding the decisions on resource allocation. This essay describes the basic goals of marketing and explores two distinct global marketing strategies that are available today for companies. The marketing goals greatly assist a seller to identify potential market segments where people are most likely to express interests in his products or services. Some of the basic goals of marketing are described in the essay by the researcher. Then, the essay describes how every firm chooses and implements a specific global marketing strategy by taking into account a range of factors including its nature, size, and vision. There are mainly two types of global marketing strategies available to companies and analyzed in the essay - multi-domestic strategy and global strategy. Evidently, the process of marketing involves an array of well defined fundamental goals, which assist a seller to plan his day to day operations systematically. These fundamental goals of marketing and multi-domestic approach and global strategies are relevant for today's global marketing.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Strategic Management - Case Study Example In 2010, Google was considered as the leader of technology that aimed at providing information to the people from any part of the world and the Google maps helped the customers to find directions as per their requirements (Hamilton & Nickerson, 2003). Economic: Google had to spend a lot of money in order to set up its business. The company has hired efficient managers to control the various teams and handle different projects of the company. The managers and the employees are to be paid high salary in order to encourage them to perform well (Elms, 2010). Hence, the financial accounts of the company have to be handled efficiently with proper allocation of the company’s grants for various projects. Further, the company has to use cost-efficient techniques to serve large number of customers. Politics: The impact of the political environment would be beneficial as well as harmful for the company. However, the political environment did not pose any threat to the launch of Google as it is an online search engine that is expected to provide valuable information to the nation. Also, it plays a key role in communication among people from different parts of the globe (Elms, 2010). Socio-cultural: Google acted as a medium for the advertisers who would prefer to promote social events through its online services. Further, commercial e-mails could be sent by various companies who would like to attract target customers to purchase their newly launched products (Barney, 2002). Technology: Google played a key role in bringing technological innovation to the economy by developing online information system. The customers can obtain information regarding any aspect using the Google search engine. The companies can maintain their online databases using Google spreadsheets and thus deal with huge amount of data (Elms, 2010). Legal: Google had to face some legal